Fine for negligence

A fine for negligence (과태료/過怠料, 독 Geldbuße) is a penalty imposed by the State or the local government to preserve an administrative order regardless of expected profits.

On the other hand, surcharge is to deprive the person with a duty of the profit expected from non-performing of the said duty.

Key words
fine, minor, fine for negligence, penalty, surcharge

Kinds of fine for negligence
Under the relevant statute, fine for negligence is not imposed as a criminal punishment, but as a pecuniary sanction to remind the person of his/her duty:
 * To preserve the order: Article 232 of the Patent Act, Article 97 of the Civil Act, Articles 28, 635 and 636 of the Commercial Act.
 * To discipline a group of people: Articles 90 and 117 of the Attorney Act (변호사법/辯護士法), Articles 83 and 87 of the Notary Public Act (공증인법/公證人法), and Article 48 of the Scrivener Act (법무사법/法務士法).
 * To enforce the administrative duty imposed on a certain person subject to the individual relevant Act or Articles 247 - 249 of the Non-Contentious Case Litigation Procedure Act (비송사건절차법/非訟事件節次法).

The fine for negligence may be imposed by local governments pursuant to their ordinances (조례/條例). Articles 22 and 24 of the Local Autonomy Act (지방자치법/地方自治法).

Minor fine
A minor fine (과료/科料) is a kind of punishment like a fine. See Article 41 of the Criminal Act (형법/刑法).

In most cases, minor fines are stipulated in the Minor Offences Act (경범죄처벌법/輕犯罪處罰法).

A minor fine to be imposed against minor offences shall be from two thousand to fifty thousand won. Article 47 of the Criminal Act. Any person who does not pay a minor fine in full shall be confined in a workhouse and work for a term from one day to twenty-nie days. Article 69 (2) of the Criminal Act.