Quorum

Quorum (의결정족수/議決定足數) means the minimum number of members of a deliberative body that uses parliamentary procedure necessary to conduct the business of the institution.

The number of members that constitutes a quorum differs depending on the assembly and is usually provided for in that assembly's constitution, charter or bylaws. In the ancient Greece, according to Plutarch, a quorum of 6,000 was required for ostracism under the Athenian democracy.

The quorum may also be set by law. A quorum may be a majority, some number greater than a majority, or some number less than a majority, as the case may be.

Key words
quorum, constitution, majority, bylaws, special resolution

Constitution
Except as otherwise provided in the Constitution or Act, the attendance of a majority of the total members, and the concurrence of a majority of the members present shall be necessary for decisions of the National Assembly. In case of a tie vote, the matter shall be regarded as rejected. Article 49.

The Constitution or Act provides for a special quorum as follows:
 * 1) If the National Assembly intends to override the President's veto of a bill in the original form, the attendance of more than one half of the total members, and the concurrence of two thirds (2/3) or more of the members present are required. Article 53 (4). 법률안의 재의결
 * 2) A recommendation for removal of the Prime Minister or a State Council member from office may be introduced by one third (1/3) or more of the total members of the National Assembly and shall be passed with the concurrence of a majority of the total members of the National Assembly. Article 63 (2). 국무총리·국무위원의 해임건의
 * 3) The concurrent vote of two thirds or more of the total members of the National Assembly shall be required for expulsion of any member. Article 64 (3). 국회의원의 제명처분
 * 4) A motion for impeachment may be, in general, proposed by one third (1/3) or more of the total members of the National Assembly, and shall require a concurrence of a majority of the total members of the National Assembly for passage. However, a motion for the impeachment of the President shall be proposed by a majority of the total members of the National Assembly and approved by two thirds (2/3) or more of the total members of the National Assembly. Article 65 (2). 탄핵소추의결
 * 5) When the National Assembly requests the lifting of martial law with the concurrence of a majority of the total members of the National Assembly, the President shall comply. Article 77 (5). 계엄의 해제요구
 * 6) The National Assembly shall decide upon the proposed amendments within sixty days of the public announcement, and passage by the National Assembly shall require the concurrence of two thirds or more of the total members of the National Assembly. Article 130 (1). 헌법개정안의 국회 의결
 * 7) The proposed amendments to the Constitution shall be submitted to a national referendum not later than thirty days after passage by the National Assembly, and shall be determined by more than one half of all votes cast by more than one half of voters eligible to vote in elections for members of the National Assembly. Article 130 (2). 헌법개정안의 국민투표 확정

Commercial Act
Article 368 (Method of Adopting Resolutions and Exercise of Voting Rights) 주식회사 주주총회의 보통결의
 * (1) Unless otherwise provided by this Act or articles of incorporation, resolutions shall be adopted at the general meetings by affirmative votes of a majority of the voting rights of shareholders present thereat and representing at least a quarter (1/4) of the total issued and outstanding shares.
 * (2) Persons holding bearer share certificates shall deposit them with the company one week prior to the date set for the meeting.
 * (3) A shareholder may have a proxy exercise the voting rights on his behalf. In this case, the proxy shall submit a document proving his power of representation at the general meeting.
 * (4) A person who has special interest in the resolution of a general meeting may not exercise his voting rights thereupon.

Article 434 (Special Resolution for Amendment of Articles of Incorporation) 주식회사 주주총회의 특별결의
 * The resolution set forth in Article 433 (1) shall be adopted by the affirmative votes of no less than two thirds (2/3) of the voting rights of the shareholders present at the general meeting and of at least one third (1/3) of the total issued and outstanding shares.